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Mentalism (psychology)
In psychology, mentalism is an umbrella term that refers to those branches of study that concentrate on mental perception and thought processes, in other words, cognition, like cognitive psychology. This is in opposition to disciplines, most notably behaviorism, that believe that study of psychology should focus on the structure of causal relationships to conditioned responses, that is to say behaviors, and seek to support this hypothesis through scientific methods and experimentation. Over the course of the history of psychology, mentalism and behaviorism have clashed, with one or the other representing the dominant paradigm of psychological investigation at different times in history.
Neither mentalism nor behaviorism are mutually exclusive fields; elements of one can be seen in the other, perhaps more so in modern times compared to the advent of psychology over a century ago.〔Neomentalism. Paivio, Allan Canadian Journal of Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie, Vol 29(4), Dec 1975, 263-291. doi: 10.1037/h0082031〕
==Classical mentalism==
Mentalism dates back to the very founding of the field of psychology. "Classical Mentalism", as it is sometimes called, tied together many differing schools of psychological thought from the beginning, and introspective techniques were the norm when it came to research, making psychology an inherently subjective field. Prominent figures ranged from Edward Titchener to William James; despite Titchener being a Structuralist and James being of the Functionalist school of thought, both agreed on one thing: consciousness was indisputably the subject matter of psychology, making them both Mentalists.〔
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